Reverse osmosis:
Reverse osmosis is an important application of modern principles in the processes of purification or desalination of water or the freeze concentration of aqueous solutions. The reverse osmosis is also used in the industry by industrial Ro plant.
Importance of osmotic pressure and reverse osmosis for living beings:
The osmotic pressure of cellular and intercellular liquids plays a very important role for living beings, and its value, like that of other chemical-physical constants related to the internal environment of organisms, cannot vary beyond certain limits without compromising functionality and cell survival itself (see homeostasis ).
Osmotic pressure determines the concentration of plasma proteins :
The reverse osmosis mechanism is also present in nature, for example in the sodium-potassium pump, which regulates the concentration of sodium and potassium ions inside the cells.
Calculation of molecular weights through the osmosis process:
Take a glass tube with a part closed by a semipermeable membrane, in this case, permeable to water and not sugar, and fill it with a solution of water and sugar. Take another container and fill it with water. If the glass tube is immersed in the water container with the semipermeable membrane facing downwards, the levels of pure water and the water-sugar solution will be different for a height. This means that the pressure of the water and that of the solution are different by an amount
where is it:
ρ is the density of the sugar in solution;
g is the acceleration of gravity.
This difference is due to the presence of sugar and is the osmotic pressure of the sugar in solution. Furthermore, setting and replacing a solute / V with the expression c (g / liter) / PM, where c is the
the concentration of the solution and PM the molecular weight of a solute, we obtain the expression:
📷with unknown PM. For example, PM can be the molecular weight of an unknown protein present in a solution, at a known concentration, whose size is to be known.
Reverse osmosis filters for the domestic
There are domestic drinking water treatment systems based on the principle of reverse osmosis, above all to reduce the nitrate content in the water. They are systems that, connected to the water network, remove a large part of the substances dissolved in the drinking water. Osmotized drinking water is, therefore, water with a very low fixed residue. The most advanced systems allow mixing between osmotic water and microfiltered water, thus allowing regulation of the fixed residue according to your preferences. In addition to quality technical construction aspects and compliance with current legislation, domestic systems require regular maintenance.
Alternative systems for water extraction :
Researchers from the companies patented in 2016 a technology capable of extracting drinking water from the air through a liquid desiccant subsystem and subsequent condensation of water vapor from the carrier used in the absence of air, allowing a reduction in energy consumption by 5% 65% compared to other pre-existing systems of this type. The system operates in highly variable climatic conditions and is equipped with an additional power supply through solar radiation.
For further information click here: Ro plant price in Pakistan
Comments