Brewing
The brew is sake and beer, distilled liquor of shochu, such as brewing does not become a problem even in hard water in. It is said that minerals in water activate yeasts that convert sugar into alcohol, which makes fermentation easier, resulting in a refreshing, dry and dry liquor.
Relationship to health :
According to the World Health Organization, the relationship between water stiffness and health is currently unknown and has not been fully studied. On the other hand, soft water has a high tendency to corrode metal, heavy metal poisoning is that there is a possibility of causing. Pakistan prevents corrosion by maintaining the pH by tap water standard .pH of hard water is maintained by a water softener plant.
Chemistry :
Boiling hard water can precipitate calcium carbonate .
{\ display style {\ rm {Ca (HCO_ {3}) _ {2} \ long right arrow CaCO_ {3} + H_ {2} O + CO_ {2}}}}📷
The calcium salt can also be precipitated by adding a water softener.
{\ displaystyle {\ rm {Ca (HCO_ {3}) _ {2} + Na_ {2} CO_ {3} \ long right arrow CaCO_ {3} + 2NaHCO_ {3}}}}📷' alt="{\ displaystyle {\ rm {Ca (HCO_ {3}) _ {2} + Na_ {2} CO_ {3} \ longrightarrow CaCO_ {3} + 2NaHCO_ {3}}}}" class=mwe-math-fallback-image-inline aria-hidden=true v:shapes="_x0000_i1026">
In the era when steam locomotives were the mainstay of railway power, securing soft water was a serious problem, and locomotive water supply equipment in the desert always had facilities for softening. The sodium bicarbonate that forms on the right side of the above equation becomes sodium carbonate in the boiler, which is periodically drained and kept at a low concentration.
{\ display style {\ rm {2NaHCO_ {3} \ long right arrow Na_ {2} CO_ {3} + H_ {2} O + CO_ {2} \ up arrow}}}📷' alt="{\ displaystyle {\ rm {2NaHCO_ {3} \ longrightarrow Na_ {2} CO_ {3} + H_ {2} O + CO_ {2} \ uparrow}}}" class=mwe-math-fallback-image-inline aria-hidden=true v:shapes="_x0000_i1027">
Hardness (water)
Hardness (Korean English: (Water) Hardness) is a method of expressing the mass of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) salts (or, equivalently, Ca ions and Mg ions) contained in trace amounts of water. It is essentially a mass concentration (mass/volume) but is expressed as a mass concentration (mass/volume) when converted to one type of salt. Water with low hardness is called soft water, and water with high hardness is called hard water. And the hardness of water is removed by a water softener plant.
Types
Simply speaking, hardness is usually the total hardness.
Total hardness :
Total hardness of various salts.
One o'clock Hardness :
Carbonates ( calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate concentration). It is called "temporary" because it precipitates when boiled.
Permanent Hardness :
sulfate ( calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate ) and chloride ( calcium chloride and magnesium chloride concentration). It is called "permanent" because it cannot be removed by boiling.
Calcium hardness :
concentration of calcium salt.
Magnesium hardness :
the concentration of magnesium salt.
That is,
Total hardness = temporary hardness + permanent hardness = calcium hardness + magnesium hardness
It is.
Incidentally, the carbonates and sulfates is soluble in water, in fact, fold moles of bicarbonate and hydrogen sulfate become a, often described as carbonates and sulfates are dissolved. I will do so in the following.
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