The described technological process of water purification is maximally effective and at the same time quite simple and stable. It is built in such a way that the organic components of the effluents are balanced oxidized, polyphosphates, ammonium, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen decompose. Modern cleaning technologies To purify water from harmful impurities, it is necessary to pass it through a special medium - this is the essence of filtration technology. Depending on what this medium will be, the properties of the outlet water will also change. Different environments have different work resources. To ensure the acceptable content of impurities in the water, it is necessary to change the filters before their resource is completely exhausted. The frequency of filter changes depends on the characteristics and volumes of the water. The quality of water filter for home is becoming advance day by day.
Reverse osmosis filters
The most modern filters for water purification. They use thin-film membranes with a cell size compared to the size of a water molecule. Such a membrane removes from the water almost all dissolved components, organic impurities, salts of heavy metals, bacteria. She fully develops her resources in 18-36 months. To extend the life of the membrane, several prefilters are placed in front of it. They must retain particles larger than 5 microns, provide primary chemical cleaning. Filtered salts and various impurities are washed off into the drainage by a forced stream of water. Through these measures, productivity and membrane life is improved.
Ion exchange filters
The most versatile type of filter in which ion-replacing resins are used. When water passes through such resin in the latter, calcium and magnesium ions are replaced by sodium and chlorine ions. Due to this, the softening of hard water occurs, which creates a lot of problems when used without cleaning. The high hardness of water is indicated by the appearance of a white precipitate on plumbing, in kettles after boiling, on the heating elements of washing machines. Such water can have a bitter taste and adversely affects the digestive and biliary systems. The required filter power for domestic purposes is calculated depending on the flow of water, for industrial - depending on the time for cleaning. In order for the ion-exchange filter to work effectively, it must be washed periodically with a solution of sodium chloride. Ion-exchange resins completely exhaust their resources after an average of 3 years. This is the best water filter for home.
Reagent-free water deferrization filters
The high content of iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide in the water gives it an unpleasant aftertaste and smell and also contributes to the corrosion of pipes and plumbing. The constant use of such water for drinking can cause the development of chronic diseases. To remove these substances from the water in the form of a precipitate, it is enough to provide excessive oxygen content in it, which will trigger oxidative reactions. This environmentally friendly cleaning method is generally beneficial from an economic point of view since you do not need to constantly buy any reagents.
Air aerated
The technology is based on the treatment of water with ordinary atmospheric air, which contains enough oxygen for the necessary oxidative reactions. Air aeration can be carried out by injecting air into water under pressure or by spraying water inside a container, at the bottom of which it then settles.
Sorption filters
The most common and inexpensive filters. They are used both independently and as part of complex cleaning systems. The role of the filter medium is played by activated carbon from a coconut shell, the adsorbing properties of which are 4 times higher than ordinary charcoal. Carbon filters can improve the taste, color, smell of water, remove residual chlorine, dissolved gases, and organic compounds. When ion-exchanging agents are added to coal, it is possible to purify water from heavy metals, bacteria, pesticides, herbicides, asbestos, and oil products. Carbon filters, adsorbing organic matter, are a favorable environment for the propagation of microorganisms and bacteria, so they can only be used in conjunction with water disinfection systems. The carbon filter resource is fully developed after 6-9 months
UV and ozone filters
These are disinfecting filters that kill bacteria and some viruses. Ozone tends to decompose in water to form oxygen, which destroys the microbial enzyme systems. Ozone filters are characterized by high energy consumption, require the use of sophisticated equipment and qualified maintenance. They are most often used for water purification in swimming pools and in medical institutions. UV filters, which have become more widespread, have high technological and operational characteristics: they are placed in houses, cottages, laboratories, restaurants. They do not use reagents, which simplifies the cleaning process. Ultraviolet has disinfecting properties, destroys not only vegetative but also spore forms of bacteria and does not change the properties of water. purification devices — aeration stations — conditions are artificially created under which the vital activity of microorganisms occurs most intensively. They use the process of forced fine bubble aeration (artificial air supply) to oxidize the organic components of wastewater. Wastewater enters the receiving chamber, where their flow is equalized; preliminary biological and mechanical water purification is performed here. Pre-treated wastewater is uniformly pumped by airlift into the aeration tank, where the final destruction of organic compounds by oxidation with activated sludge takes place. Activated sludge significantly accelerates and improves the processes of oxidation and wastewater treatment, absorbing and oxidizing organic substances, decomposing ammonia, and nitrates. Microbes, including pathogens, are adsorbed by activated sludge, die or become its active agents. Next, a mixture of pure water and activated sludge is sent to the secondary sump (pyramid) by means of a recirculation airlift, where activated sludge is deposited from water under the influence of gravity. Purified water is removed by gravity through the outlet of clean water. The sludge settles in the lower part of the secondary sump and again enters the aeration space of the aeration tank. After several cycles, it is sent to the sludge stabilizer using the recirculation airlift. The spent stabilized sludge gradually accumulates in the stabilizer and is periodically removed by airlift through the hose. Pumped-out stabilized sludge can be used as fertilizer. And the main result of the process - pure industrial water without color and odor - can very well be used for irrigation. The described technological process of water purification is maximally effective and at the same time quite simple and stable. It is built in such a way that the organic components of the effluents are balanced oxidized, polyphosphates, ammonium, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen decompose
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